Video Files Formats Essays - Fertility, Cryobiology, Human Pregnancy

Video Files Formats Invitro is defined as, "In glass, as in a test tube" (Taber's cyclopedic dictionary,1993), hence with reference to invitro fertilization, the term "Test tube baby". The first ?test tube baby' was Louise Brown of England (Jonsen, A. R., 1996). Dr. Patrick Steptoe and Professor Robert Edwards combined an ovum from Mrs. Brown, and sperm from Mr. Brown cultured it in a petri dish, and reimplanted the now embryo into Mrs. Brown's uterus (Jonsen, A. R.,1996). The result was the same as a child born in the usual way, only the means to the end was different. The media had a field day with this, and since then, reproduction as we know it has changed. We now use the term "assisted reproduction" to describe a host of methods used to assist infertile couples to have children. A menagerie of large terms, abbreviations, and acronyms are used under the umbrella of this term, such as GIFT, IVF, FSH, AID, etc. The bottom line is that technology has allowed man to take yet another matter into his own hands, that may be considered "playing God". As with any new procedure or product, there are always "bugs to work out". Sometimes we can anticipate what these will be, but many times we "cross that bridge when we come to it". Such seems to be the case with assisted reproduction. Considering the complicated custody battles already occurring with regard to our"naturally made children", we have seen, and can anticipate more tangled legal webs ahead. Not much has been done to anticipate the complexities involved with assisted reproduction. In 1975, a federal law was enacted that created an Ethics Advisory Board (EAB)(Caplan, A. L., 1990). In 1979, this organization issued a report merely stating that invitro fertilization was worthy of monetary funds (Caplan, A. L., 1990). The EAB disbanded in 1979 (Caplan, A. L., 1990). In 1994, The American Society for Reproductive Medicine designed a set of ethical considerations, but compliance is voluntary (Klotzko, A. J., 1998). Since no real regulatory agency exists, IVF is done as providers see fit. The formation of The American Society for Reproductive medicine reflects the fact that there are clearly many ethical issues with regard to IVF. Three issues are the following: 1. Previously, an embryo has been a part of a woman's body. Roe vs. Wade based it's decision on abortion being part of a woman's privacy. With regard to frozen embryos which are not a part of the women's body, does she have the right to choose their fate, and does the father have equal say? 2. Do the potential parents of these embryos have the right to change their minds about becoming parents once the embryos have been frozen? 3. In complicated matters with multiple parents, does multiple parental roles with visitation rights adversely affect a child's social development? When one is discussing abortion, the argument heard most often by the advocates of pro-choice is that this is a matter of a woman controlling what goes on with her body. Furthermore, advocates claim, that as such, the elimination of the fetus falls under this right of privacy. Pro-life advocates feel that these embryos are individual human beings entitled to the right to be born. Embryos are considered life in the earliest of stages. However, what we have here are frozen embryos, suspended if you will in a state of non-life. They clearly do not reside in the woman's body as of yet, and if kept in the current state, will never give breath. It seems that the prochoicers would have to extend their definition of these being a part of the woman's body, to giving their potential to be such, meaning as well. While they are not a part of the woman's body yet, this is the intended place for them to grow, and obviously they cannot grow inside of the father, at least yet. The prolife, and paternal argument would be that these embryos are clearly not a part of the woman's body. They could be implanted in any woman, not necessarily the mother. Therefore, the mother does not have the right to abort the embryos. Furthermore, the male may have the right to claim custody for implantation in another suitable candidate other than the mother if she is unwilling. What we have in the case of Mary Davis and Junior Davis is a woman fighting to have her own embryos implanted in her own uterus. Based on some of the facts above however, does the father now have more

Plato v. Aristotle essays

Plato v. Aristotle essays Aristotle's major work on the philosophy of art is the Poetics. There he maintains that all the arts imitate nature, and that imitative character is rooted in human psychology. For Aristotle, the end of artistic creation determines the appropriate means for its realization. In order to assess the excellence of a work, we must determine whether the work has a perfection of form and a soundness of method that make it a satisfactory whole. The elements of composition must display symmetry, harmony, and definition. Aristotle's theory differs considerably from Plato's. Plato insists that artistic imitation, especially tragedy, fuels the passions and misleads the seeker of truth. Aristotle, by contrast, believes that the arts repair defiences in nature and tragic drama in particular makes a moral contribution. Therefore the arts are valuable and justifiable. Aristotle rejects Plato's notion of the centrality of beauty and erotic love, as well as his metaphysical idealism. He sees beauty as a property of an artwork, rather than its purpose, whereas Plato the search for beauty is the proper end of art. He does agree with Plato "that art is a kind of techne, and that the most important human arts, such as music, painting, sculpture, and literature are imitative of human souls, bodies, and actions." Techne- the ability of an artist to be in command of a medium, to know what the end result would be, and to know how to execute the artwork to achieve that result. ...

Case Study Simulation Cotton On Limited Marketing Essay

Case Study Simulation Cotton On Limited Marketing Essay The purpose of the report is to establish three strategies which will address issues within Cotton-On Ltd causing their current financial troubles. The three chosen strategies are: research consumer buying habits, introduce online sales and expand sales into the European Union countries. These strategies will be explored and discussed to explain how they help improve the situation at Cotton-On Ltd. The first strategy â€Å"research consumer buying habits† shows how we look through the range of methods used for researching consumer buying habits in order to make a recommendation which is most suitable related to Cotton-On Ltd. Gathered data can be used to make decisions regarding various concerns with Cotton-On Ltd, such as product range, pricing or available sales channels. The methods used for researching consumer buying habits helps support other strategies because it allows Cotton-On Ltd to understand potential customers in new market settings. The second strategy â€Å"i ntroduce online sales† refers to Cotton-On Ltd using the internet as a tool to strengthen the company because it is increasingly beneficial for them. Through extensive research Cotton-On Ltd should introduce online sales because of their position within the market otherwise they will be disadvantaged compared to competitors. Also the potential of the online sales channel is an opportunity for them to expand online and take advantage of the internet as a marketing tool. However there is a range of different ways Cotton-On Ltd can choose to approach selling their products online and this will be further discussed within the report. The third strategy â€Å"expand sales into European Union countries† explores this topic in context of online sales. The UK is a leading European country in relation to online sales however there are bigger markets to be explored, since some of these markets are expected to grow in the next few years. The topics which will be discussed is the E uropean market related to Cotton-On Ltd, the aspect of the language barrier, the pricing / currency and any other points will be taken into consideration. All three strategies are explained to show the advantages for Cotton-On Ltd and highlight the main issues. We show how the strategies are linked together and where possible, suggest methods for implementation and overcoming issues. Those strategies are a starting point for the company to overcome their problems. Research Consumer Buying Habits Methodology Consumer buying habit is a complex matter and there are many factors that influence buying decision of the customer. When it comes to researching consumer behaviour for a business it is the greatest mystery of any business to solve (Matt Alderton, no date). There are many ways we could find out about consumer buying habits, but before doing anything else we need to investigate Cotton-On Ltd, its System or any previous study on the matter. One of the following techniques would be chosen to suit Cotton-On Ltd namely, interview, questionnaire, survey and consumer panel, but the best would be to organize customer focus group to help Cotton-On Ltd identify and find consumer specific needs. Customer focus group will produce good customer data in their own words, which would help create more effective marketing campaign and will expose problems within Cotton-On Ltd (Matt Alderton, no date). To get the best out of customer focus group it is important to stay focused on Cotton-On Ltd objectives that would have to be why the business is losing sale and how to save money?

Compare Tesco and Sainsbury Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Compare Tesco and Sainsbury - Coursework Example The firm paid an extra  £0.04 in comparison with the previous year. Sainsbury had a dividend per share in 2013 of  £16.7, a figure that is  £0.6 higher than in 2012. Overall Sainsbury paid higher dividends than Tesco. Tesco’s dividend cover was 0.10 and 2.38 in 2013 and 2012 respectively. Dividend coverage indicates the capacity of an organization to pay dividends out of profit attributable to shareholders (Accounting-simplified, 2013). Sainsbury had dividend coverage of 1.95 and 1.99 in 2013 and 2012. The dividend coverage of Sainsbury was better than Tesco in 2013, but lower in 2012. The dividend yield ratio shows the return on terms of cash dividends being provided by the stock. Tesco dividend yield ratio was superior to Sainsbury both in 2013 and 2012. The price-earnings ratio is an important indicator of comparative value in which an investor is better off buying a stock with low price-earnings ratio than high price-earnings ratio (Ft). Both the price-earnings ratio results of Tesco in 2013 and 2012 were lowered than Sainsbury, thus Tesco performed better than Sainsbury in this metric. The book value per share measures the amount that would be distributed to shareholders if all assets were sold at their balance sheet carrying amounts and if all creditors were paid off (Garrison, et al. 2003). Since a high value is the preferable output Tesco performed better than Sainsbury in this ratio. The market to book ratio of Sainsbury is much higher than Tesco on both years because its stock is valued higher in the

Principle cells of the immune system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Principle cells of the immune system - Essay Example Three of such principal cells of the immune system are lymphocytes, antigens, and effector cells. Below, brief descriptions of the roles of these three cells in immune response are discussed. Lymphocytes have been noted to be cells that emanate from stem cells within the larger immune system. As far as immune response is concerned, the lymphocytes take charge of the adaptive response (Guermonprez et al., 2012). For this to happen, there are a series of functional activities that come together. Working together with specific receptors, the lymphocytes function towards the recognition of specific antigens that enter the body. Consequently, the effect of antigens in the body would be hampered if the lymphocytes are not functioning properly. Bryant, Trinder and Curtis (2004) also noted that one the lymphocytes emanate from the stem cells, they go on to form three different populations of cells which are B cells, T cells and natural killer (NK). Of the three however, it is the B and T cells that take part in the adaptive immunity as NK cells function as innate immunity. The B cells for example produce antibodies, whiles the T cells engage in cell-mediated immunity (Guermonpre z et al., 2012). The second principal cells are the antigen presenting cells, which have the core role of aiding the lymphocytes to undertake the adaptive response. In some cases therefore, the antigen presenting cells are considered to be also responsible for adaptive response. The antigen presenting cells function by bringing antigens to the lymphocytes. Writing on the anatomy of the immune system, Zen and Parkos (2003) indicated that the location of the antigen presenting cells (APC) makes it very convenient for it to play its role. This is because these APCs are found in the periphery. From this location, they are able to examine the tissues to identify antigens. One major difference between the function of the lymphocytes and APCs is

Responses to Modernism Essay Example for Free

Responses to Modernism Essay a) How does Levin characterize the art of the Modern era? List the various terms and phrases she uses to describe the Modern period. Levin characterizes the art of the Modern era with terms such as: style, form, scientific, experimental, method, logic, technological, purity, clarity, order, idealistic, optimistic, ideological, reductive, austere, puritanical, elitist, dogmatic, brutal, competitive, individualistic, materialistic, formal, abstract, repetitive, flattening, ordering, and literal. Levin characterizes the art of the Modern era with phrases such as: â€Å"style-the invention of sets of forms-was a preoccupation of Modernism, as was originality. The Tradition of the New, Harold Rosenberg called it† â€Å"Modern art was scientific. It was based on faith in the technological future, on belief in progress and objective truth. It was experimental: the creation of new forms was its task† â€Å"It longed for perfection and demanded purity, clarity, order. And it denied everything else, especially the past: idealistic, ideological and optimistic, Modernism was predicated on the glorious future, the new and improved. Like technology, it was based all along on the inventions of man-made forms, or, as Meyer Schapiro has said, â€Å"a thing made rather than a scene represented. † â€Å"Conceptualism came out of the closet; and art became documentation. In a sense, it was the ultimate godlike act of Modernism: creating a work out of nothing. In another sense, it was obvious that something was over,† â€Å"Modernism, toward the end of its reign, came to be seen as reductive and austere. Its purity came to seen puritanical. It was in the terminology in a word, Formalism which implied not only the logical structures of Modernist invention but also the structures of rigid adherence of established forms. â€Å"There is no other democracy than the respect for forms†, one of the new French philosophers, Bernard-Henry Levy, has remarked. Like democracy, Modernist art is now being reinterpreted in terms of its insistence on forms and laws rather than in terms of liberty and freedom. The Modernist vision may have had democratic aims a progressive emancipation of the individual from authority in an age of unlimited possibilities, as Schapiro has notedbut in practice it was elitist: the public never understood abstract art. It was as specialized as modern science. And emphasis on structure rather than substance is what we came to see in it. Like science, Modernist art has begun to seem dogmatic and brutal. † â€Å"competitive and individualistic, it saw everything in terms of risk. Like capitalism, it was materialistic. From its collage scraps and fur-lined teacup to its laden brushstrokes, I-beams, and Campbell’s soupcans, modernist art insisted increasingly on being an object in a world of objects. What started as radical physicality turned into commodity; the desire for newness led to a voracious appetite for novelty. † â€Å"the artist as godlike Creator was the leitmotif of Modernism† b) How does Levin characterize the art of Postmodernism? List the various terms and phrases she uses to describe the Postmodern period. Levin characterizes the art of Postmodernism with terms such as: hybrid impurity, illusionistic theatricality, narrative insinuations, counterrevolutionary contradictions, disillusionment, distrust, survival, natural substances, ongoing processes, photographic images, language, real-time systems, nature, demolition, natural, temporality, psychological, narrational, personal, lifelike contexts, subjective facts, subversive, protesting, impure, quotes, scavenges, ransacks, recycles, synthesis, confession, fiction, irony, whimsy, disbelief, intimate, metamorphosis. Levin characterizes the art of Postmoderism with phrases like: â€Å"Style has become a voluntary option, to be scavenged and recycled, to be quoted, paraphrased, parodied to be used as a language† â€Å"It could be argued that the precise moment of its demise was signaled a few months earlier by the revelation of Duchamp’s Etant Donnes with all its hybrid impurity, illusionistic theatricality, narrative insinuations, and counterrevolutionary contradictions opening a peephole into the magical natural world as if predicting the concerns of postmodern art. † â€Å"Returning materials to their natural stage, subjecting them to natural forces, sending art back to the land or internalizing it within the body, they were evidence that time and/or place were becoming crucial, clearing the way for the psychological and the narrational, for personal content, lifelike contexts, and subjective facts. The feeling against style and objectivity proved more subversive than the antipathy toward objects and form: post-modernism arose out of Conceptualist premises that art is information -while protesting its Modernist aridity. † â€Å"Post-modernism is impure. It knows about shortages. It knows about inflation and devaluation. It is aware of the increased cost of objects. And so it quotes, scavenges, ransacks, recycles the past. Its method is synthesis rather than analysis. It is style-free and free-style. Playful and full of doubt, it denies nothing. Tolerant of ambiguity, contradiction, complexity, incoherence, it is eccentrically inclusive. It mimics life, accepts awkwardness and crudity, takes an amateur stance. Structured by time rather than form, concerned with context instead of style, it uses memory, research, confession, fiction with irony, whimsy, and disbelief. Subjective and intimate, it blurs the boundaries between the world and the self. It is about identity and behavior† â€Å"perhaps we should look to the self-awareness movements that became popular during the ‘70s for a terminology appropriate to the new art: based not on scientific reason and logic and the pretense of objectivity but on presence, subjective experience, behavior, on a weird kind of therapeutic revelation in which it is not necessary to believe or understand it is enough if it works. † c) What are the main points of contrast Levin describes between the art of the two periods? The main points of contrast between modernism and postmodernism that Levin describes are: style as preoccupation vs. style as option, purity vs. hybrid impurity, man-made vs. the natural, adherence to forms vs. the tolerance of ambiguity, godlike vs. lifelike, objective vs. subjective, idealistic vs. realistic, and progressive understanding vs. the cyclical understanding. d) What symbols does Levin suggest would serve as iconic images for the two periods? For modernism, the grid is the suggested iconic image. For post-modernism, the map is the suggested iconic image. e) Now, identify two of the art movements discussed by Levin. Find a representative artist who participated in each movement and has at least one artwork illustrated in your textbook. Write a compare-contrast between the two artworks. One of the art movements and representative artists should be identified by Levin as Modern, the other as Postmodern. Dadism: Rauschenberg-Bed(1955) Pop Art: Andy Warhol-Marilyn Monroe f) Start by identifying the two artists and their artworks as fully as possible. Rauschenberg was an American artist who became famous during the transition from abstract-expressionism to pop-art. He is famous for his white, black and red paintings. With his white paintings, he sought to reduce painting to its essential nature so that the possibility of pure experience could be created and appreciated. With his black paintings, Rauschenberg mixed paper with newspaper to create the effect of appearance and disappearance. With his red paintings, Rauschenberg created what would be fore-runners of his combine series. They used complex materials so that the surface was disturbed from the impression of being flat or two-dimensional. Certainly a transitional painter, he worked within the gap between modernism and post-modernism. Through mistakes he developed his imaginative creativity into meaningful formations that explored new ways and mediums of creating art, by processes like photography, silk-screen, and multimedia juxtaposition. g) Describe both works in detail Rauschenberg’s artwork, Bed(1955) was created with Rauschenberg covered a shallow wooden frame with a worn quilt, that is alternately splashed and splattered with paint. While it uses everyday materials and can be said to celebrate them by transforming them from something disposable to something that is to be preserved, it is also a Dada-esque assertion of anti-art. f) Andrew Warhol was a prominent figure in the pop-art movement who was known for his diverse friends and came up with the concept of â€Å"fifteen-minutes of fame. † A celebrity in his own right, he is characteristically known for his paintings of luminaries like Marilyn Monroe and Elizabeth Taylor. When he switched to silk-screen, Andrew Warhol minimized his own hand so much as he tried to follow his intention to be â€Å"a machine. † His silk-screen was made serially and mass-produced the mass-produced, including the iconic Campbell’s Soup Can. Shot in 1968, by a fringe member of his Factory Scene ‘clique,’ Warhol barely survived and spent much of his later life as a more subdued â€Å"business-artist. † A man who loved plastic, Warhol also aspired to be plastic, at once superficial and commercial but also in possession of an odd aura of glamour. g) Andy Warhol’s artwork, â€Å"Marilyn,† was created so that it could personify mass-production and the glamorous aura of ‘celebrity. ’ Warhol accomplished this with his stenciling technique where ink and paint was applied to silk-screen images. An effect that was also realized was that of two disparities. In â€Å"Marilyn† the public image and the private image are attached but wrestle against each other so that both have a characteristic of ambiguity and not quite holding very well. h) How are they Similar? They incorporate different mediums, and deal with disparities. They both wrestle with the private and the public. â€Å"Bed† turns a private item into a public presentation and â€Å"Marilyn† deals with the clash between the private person and the public personification. i) How are they Different? â€Å"Bed† deals more with the ordinary and the relatively mundane. â€Å"Marilyn† deals with the exceptional and the aura of celebrity. â€Å"Bed† appears to have been created quite carelessly, â€Å"Marilyn† appears to have been created deliberately. â€Å"Bed† somehow congeals and appears finished although in a more careless kind of way. â€Å"Marilyn† seems somehow undone and there is the feeling that a missing element should be there. It feels unfinished and never quite complete. j) Finally, do they seem to illustrate Levin’s points about Modernism and Postmodernism—or not? Yes, they do seem to. â€Å"Bed† deals with the man-made, the quilt is a man-made object that is also a machine-made object. â€Å"Marilyn† has a strange kind of living existence as it deals with the natural, the organic, as well as, the complex human form in all its frailty. There is a quality of decomposition to it that makes it very odd but makes it portray the organic in a strong way. â€Å"Bed† is godlike because it does create something out of nothing. It turns what is â€Å"nothing,† an old quilt, into something quite extraordinary, so extraordinary that it will be displayed in museums as a monument of sorts. â€Å"Marilyn† is deeply personal and subjective, it is an intimate rendering of someone who lived who cannot really be known except through subjective interpretations. â€Å"Bed† is much more elitist and it takes a lot of erudite clarifications before a lot of people can ‘get it. ’ â€Å"Marilyn† is not incorporative of any great interplay of the theoretical and can be appreciated much more easily because it deals with such popular content matter.

Essay --

Hikmat Hikmat: Hikmat adalah sikap yang bijaksana dalam menghadapi suatu masalah. Orang yang memiliki hikmat dapat menyelesaikan masalahnya dengan baik. Tidak semua orang yang dapat melakukan hikmat karena ketika orang ketika menghadapi masalah kebanyakan diantara mereka mudah menyerah dan putus asa, mereka memilih untuk mundur dari pada tetap mempertahankannya. Orang yang memiliki atau mempunyai hikmat maka ia dapat mencapai keberhasilan dan mendapatkan apa yang ia mau. Dengan perjuangan orang dapat melakukan apa yang tidak bisa. Saya memilih salah satu orangyang memiliki hikmat yaitu Jackie Chan, karena ketika ia menghadapi masalah ia dapat menyelesaikannya dengan baik dan tidak mudah untuk menyerah. Jackie Chan memiliki bela diri atau kung fu yang baik ia selalu berlatih dengan keras dan tidak mudah untuk menyerah atau mundur. Ia adalah orang yang terkenal dalam bela diri. Ia orang yang terkenal dan ia main di beberapa film, ia adalah pemain yang ada di layar lebar dunia. Saat film dimainkan selalu ada perjuangan dan semangat untuk menolong orang, ketika ia mendapat missi ia selalu member hasil yang baik dan memuaskan. Ia selalu melatih bela dirinya agar ia dapat menguasainya dengan baik. Jackie Chan pernah membuat beberapa lagu dan pernah memainkan beberapa musik. Orang yang memiliki rasa hikmat ia tidak mudah untuk mundur begitu saja karena dengan ia meneruskan apa yang ia inginkan maka ia akan mencapai tujuannya. Orang yang mudah menyerah atau putus asa maka ia akan undur dan tidak dapat mencapai apa yang ia mau dan semua usahanya akan terlewat begitu saja dan gagal. Orang yang memiliki rasa hikmat memiliki semangat juang yang tingi untuk menhadapi masalah. Seberapa besar masalah yang ... ...ihat agama, suku, ras, dan budaya mereka. Marilah menjadi rakyat yang anti-rasis. Jika kita menginginkan negara yang aman dan damai, marilah wujudkan impian itu bersama. Jangan hanya bergantung kepada satu pihak. Semua orang termasuk kita, semuanya bertanggungjawab untuk menjaga kedamaian negeri ini. Jangan sampai kita menyia-nyiakan usaha Gusdur yang luar biasa itu. Milikilah hikmat seperti Gusdur yang dapat mengubahkan negara. Mungkin kita berpikir ,†kita kan bukan pemerintah, bagaimana bisa membawa dampak?† Sebenanrya bisa saja jika kita mau. Jika kamu merasa terlalu berat untuk membuat negara ini damai, ubahlah lingkunganmu supaya menjadi damai. Jika kamu merasa terlalu sulit untuk mengubah dunia, ubahlah negaramu. Jika hal tersebut masih terlalu sulit, coba ubahlah lingkunganmu. Jika itu masih terlalu sulit, cobalah ubah dirimu menjadi seseorang yang lebih baik

Rationale Childrens Book Essay

Annie Makes a Mess of her New Red Dress sprouted from a seed of a few ideas about a little girl who receives a new dress and has trouble with it. The purpose of my children’s book is to communicate the different elements of life that small children love or hate such as birthday parties, lollies, balloons, parks and playgrounds. Another purpose is to educate children about overcoming adversity and the fact that it’s never as bad as they think. There are many themes in this book but the main ones are adventure and overcoming adversity. This book is created for children from the age of four to around six. Originally the title was Jess Makes a Mess of her New Red Dress but after researching titles and texts I decided to change my characters name so that it’s not alliterative because as Mem Fox proposed, use names that will reveal something about the character. I chose Annie because to me it cute and resembles virtue in a young girl. The title is varied in colour and at first I was unsure about this but after researching the best sellers of children’s books, I found that many of them used the same technique to emphasise a word or to represent its meaning. In my title the word red is emphasised by being the colour red as opposed to the other words which are black. For Annie, I chose a red coloured dress because it’s noticeable and vibrant to attract the eyes of a young reader. The dress resembles innocence and the love for clothes that the majority of girls will have throughout their lives. When illustrating the book, I decided to create pictures appropriate for the age group, they are basic but colourful. All the illustrations, including the front cover are framed by two bars of white. This is to enclose or border the illustrations to have them as the main focus. The illustration on the front cover flows through to the back as I think this is an attractive feature in a children’s book as discussed in class. On some pages the illustrations have no background again the same technique is used, to have the image as the main focus such as the playground equipment or Annie in the introduction. In most of the images Annie’s dress is unravelling; I depict this through the red thread of cotton behind Annie. Children love this as they can trace their finger around the red line or follow it with their eyes. The psychology of children must also be considered when reading or writing a children’s book.

Professional Career Action Plan Essay

When I first started out going to school after college I thought that I wanted to be a teacher and so right after high school I started going to school to be an elementary teacher. I quit school because I wanted to move out of my parent’s house and be on my own so I got a full time job. After I moved and got stable I went back to get my early elementary degree. After about a year and a half I got pregnant and had my son and couldn’t go to class in the morning after being up all night with a toddler and then to work so I quit school again until my son got older. My son was able to start school when he was two so I decided to go back to school and get my educational degree. As I was going to school I was also volunteering at my son’s school and that is when I decided I really didn’t want to be a teacher and I was undecided what I wanted to do and I knew I was wasting my money and time going to school so I quit once again. I got a job at a temp agency working for the temp sending people on assignments and after a year the company decided they were going to close the company in my location but my supervisor got me a job at Advanced Radiology Services doing data entry putting in codes in the system. After a few years I realized that I really like being in the health care field and wanted a career in it and I tried to move up doing different jobs in the field but I realized that in order to really move up and eventually become a director I would need a degree so I decided to get my degree in Healthcare Management so I went back to school, this time determined to make it work. My Job in the Health Care sector In the health care sector my career job is to be the Director of the billing department of a health care facility. As a director my job would be to work with a team or staff to establish and maintain the skills which are necessary for the facility. I would need to display a personal commitment and courage and in doing that I will be keeping the staff working as a team. I would be developing as well as improve the performance of myself as well as my staff and I will need to do this through training, coaching and feedback. In order to achieve this I would have to further my education by obtaining a baccalaureate degree in a health related area and have experience in an allied health field. (eHow 2013) I have worked in the health care field for over ten years and have done billing front end and  back end, customer service, demographic edits, payment poster, and issue refunds. I have also trained new and current employees and served as a lead. I also have my schooling that can qualify me for the director position. Although I have all of this I feel I would still need to get certified in and get my dual certificate in CPAT and CCAT and what this is the CPAT is designed for people who work on the hospital side of patient accounting and the CCAT is for people who work on the clinical/physician side. Having this certification will help keep me in pace with the industry and also will allow me to gain recognition by the industry by letting me get the job or a promotion that I would want. (illinoisaaham 2013) I also would need to get a Master’s degree in a health management related field. I feel that I need this degree so I can learn more on being a director and learn more on directing a facility. Achieving my professional Goal The steps that I will need to do in order to achieve my professional goal are to continue to go to school and receive my master’s degree in Master of Health Administration with a Concentration in Sustainability Management. Obtaining this degree I feel will be a benefit for me in my role as Director. I also plan on taking getting my certification in CCAT and CPAT. I also feel that before I can achieve this I will need to be a supervisor and manager for a few years so I can have a better understanding of leadership roles. Being a supervisor is the start of being a manager and then a director those are the steps that I will have to take in order to achieve my goal of being a Director. I am now employed at Spectrum Health Hospital and I feel that I can go far in this organization and eventually be a director for this organization. This organization will help me get the certification that is need because it is something that they off and also will allow me to go to school and furth er my education. If I get the certification and the degree that is required then I will be able to get a job as a director at any health care facility or organization. With the career action plan that I have done I feel this will help keep me grounded and on track with the steps I need to obtain in order to achieve my goal. Completing a goal maybe harder than it seems but if you have steps in place that will help keep you focused you can get through your goal and you will want to achieve higher goals in the process. This is a step by step process  and may not happen overnight but with dedication and hard work you can successfully complete the goal you set out to achieve. References American Association of Healthcare Administrative Management AAHAM Retrieved from http://www.aaham.org/Certification/CPATCCAT/tabid/90/Default.aspx CPAT/CCAT Frequently Asked Questions Retrieved from http://www.illinoisaaham.com/images/Technical_Certification_FAQs.pdf Edwards T, Job Description of a Health Director eHow Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/about_5347304_job-description-health-director.html Setting goals and objectives Retrieved from http://www.time-management-guide.com/goals-and-objectives.html

Service Encounter Service Enquiry Desk in a Library

Service Encounter Service Enquiry Desk in a Library Executive Summary A service encounter is an essential aspect for any organization. This is because, it gives the definition of the direct interaction exhibited between service firms and their clients. A service encounter is the foundation of building trust in customers with regard to service offering of an organization. In addition to this, a service encounter serves as the basis in which customer satisfaction is realized.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Service Encounter: Service Enquiry Desk in a Library specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Without service encounters, a business cannot realize its targets. Service encounter links up the business with the clients through interaction. Further, it is through service encounters that a firm can realize its position in the competitive market. Precisely, it is through service encounters that the extent of market share an organization is associated with will be determined. Th e desirability as well as the quality of the service encounter are vital elements and as such, a firm should consider sufficiently when making decisions regarding the most viable service encounter that should be undertaken. Introduction Foremost, a service represents the action of executing or performing something for something or even someone. Usually, a service is intangible. Therefore, a service context has involved the creation of a series of challenges for the manager assigned to the duties of marketing for; he has the responsibility of communicating the benefits of a certain service. He does this by drawing parallels while incorporating imagery as well as the ideas, which not only can they be identified but are also tangible (Hoffman, Kelley Rotalsky 2005). Service marketing as a subgroup of marketing can be categorized into two, that is; marketing of fast moving consumer goods and durables better referred to as FMCG and service marketing. Typically, the service marketing con cept pertains to both business to business and business to consumer services. It includes such aspects as telecommunication, hospitality, air travel, financial and professional services among others.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The practice of service encounter A service encounter is a term commonly used to define the direct interaction exhibited by service firms and its customers (Bitner et al. 1990). According to many scholars, a service encounter can assume three forms, which include; telephone encounters, remote encounters as well as face to face encounters. With regard to remote encounters, they basically involve interactions, which are technology based and as such; they are usually between as a customer and a machine or self service devices such as vending machines. In these forms of encounters, there are no human actors from the firm involved. Contrary to this form of service encounter, telephone as well as face to face encounters involves human interactions (Carlzon 2007). Thesis statement For the purpose of this paper, a remote service encounter will be considered as one that might occur in my organization. My organization is a library where people come and assess the academic materials. In the near future, the organization is contemplating introducing a service inquiry desk where students will get help from qualified librarians. From this desk, the students will be able to establish the range of books regarding a certain topic and be helped to know where they are situated in the library. In addition to this, from this inquiry desk, the students will be able to borrow books for a specified period of time depending on the level of education being pursued. The rationale for selecting this service encounter is that; value will be created and therefore student’s satisfaction. Discussion Elements of the service encounter A ser vice enquiry desk is constituted of both the tangible as well as the intangible elements. In order to understand these, a Shostack’s molecular established in the early 1980s will be used. It is a molecular model and as such, it utilizes the aspect of analogy in an effort towards helping in the visualization as well as in the management of the total marketing entity by the marketers. Usually, the model is applicable to both products as well as services. She made an important and worthwhile observation that, just like in chemical formulations; a change in one element can cause a significant change to the entity (Grà ¶nroos 2007).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Service Encounter: Service Enquiry Desk in a Library specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Service elements are both tangible (peripheral evidence) and the intangible (essential evidence) elements. Tangible (peripheral evidence) elements According to Shosta ck’s molecular model, tangible or peripheral evidence refers to the elements possessed as part and parcel of the purchase. In addition to this, these elements have insignificant independent value. In our case, the library membership card will serve as the tangible element. A library membership card is of insignificant value when held outside the library but useful when inquiring at the service enquiry desk in the library. Intangible (Essential evidence) elements These elements exist in service inquiry desk in a library but they can never be possessed by the students. Usually, the intangible elements of service inquiry desk encounter are extremely dominant with regard to its impact on the use of the service by the students (Hoffman, Kelley Rotalsky 2005). The intangible element will include the sudden desire as well as enthusiasm for our services by the students upon the introduction of this new service. Critical incidents for the same service encounter In order to effectivel y assess the critical incident for the same service encounter, a critical incident technique advanced by Bitner et al (1990) will be used. As such, the technique can be identified as a set of procedures commonly used to collect direct observations pertaining to the way the human beings behave. The behaviours to be considered in the technique should have a critical significance and in addition to this, they must be able to meet the methodically stipulated criteria. Critical incidents arise whenever producers as well as the consumers of the service produce come together in a service encounter (Zeithaml, Bitner Gremler 2006).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The inquiry service enquiry desk is classified as a high involvement personal service and as such, it is in the same class with health care services (Halstead, Drogue Cooper 2003). Such operations as direct examination of both the clinical staff as well as the researchers serve as good examples of health care service encounters. To elaborate this further, using the critical incident technique, there is a possibility that a clinician will be able to learn much about his role within the scope of a clinical setting. Further, the technique is beneficial to the clinician as he will be able to realize more on his practice from a wide coverage role. Taking health care research into consideration, critical incident technique is identified as not only a vital but also a very significant resource. The reason for this is; it assists ideally in the identification of the patient’s experiences in the health care setting. In addition to this, it assists in the exploration of interactions b etween patients and providers. Strategies outline and evaluation In my organization the use of a service enquiry desk by the students is the targeted service encounter and as such, it is not yet operational. Once the service is underway, there are several risks associated. One of the major risks is service failure. Once a service failure surfaces, efforts are made in order for the service to recover from the failure (Palmer 2008). Generally, whether there is a service failure or not, creation of student’s satisfaction should not be overlooked since it is a vital element. This implies that; student’s satisfaction plays a significant role in the development, performance success and the longevity of the service enquiry desk operations. The underlying thing about the entire subject of failure of a service inquiry desk encounter is intriguing. While failures in the operations of the service encounter can prove to be disastrous in a considerable number of circumstances, they present themselves as sources of learning, which are uniquely valuable, for the service encounter operations. With regard to three aspects, it is necessary to establish and evaluate strategies that will make good of the underlying situations. Strategies to prevent service failure Detection of possible failures (Risk Management strategy) In today’s libraries, the need of risk management aspect has been identified. Risk management involves establishing measures to help in detecting potential failures as well as their sources before they surface. For the service enquiry desk encounter, it will involve the visualization of each and every possible reason as to why there might be a failure of the encounter and what should be the most effective way to deal with this failure if it eventually surfaces. In effect, the library manager will have to make attempts of simulating what might come to happen to this library service. Usually, detection of potential failures involves a sequence of events that are likely to happen and therefore working through them. However, one must first understand the sequence before commencing the task. Maintenance The maintenance strategy is considered as the decision as to whether to attempt the task of failure prevention while making use of preventive maintenance or to leave it all and allow the occurrence of failures and thereby making amendments by repairing the failures. For an encounter such as service enquiry desk in a library, prevention strategy rather than breakdown maintenance strategy is more viable considering both the extent of financial forego and continuity of internal library services. Yet most activities pertaining to maintenance in practice are still focused on breakdown maintenance, which is reactive. However, with the rise of knowledge on the aspect of total service encounter maintenance, adherence is being gained (Palmer 2008). In order to prevent failure of service desk enquiry encounter, the detection strategy w ill be mainly focused on. The rationale behind this is that, failures, which are likely to hamper the effective operation of the service, will be established and as such, measures will be put in place and therefore, there will be no difficulty or wastage of time in restoring the operational level of the service if failures actually occur. Recovery from service failure strategies It is not necessarily that the presence of a a service failure means a disaster for the library and the students. If there are efficient strategies put in place to respond to any failure surfacing, aspects such as student’s satisfaction, loyalty as well as trust can increase. According to Halstead, Drogue Cooper (2003), when a company recovers a failed service, commitment as well as trust between an organization and the customer is built and maintained. Students will indeed talk positive things regarding the library and this enhances its image. Provision of the right type of justice strategy From the customer’s perspective, a good service recovery tends to focus extensively on justice as well as fairness. This strategy is usually constituted of three dimensions which include; Distributive justice This is the outcome of the recovery situation. An example of this includes an apology from the person behind the service enquiry desk. Procedural justice This pertains to the way the processes involved in the recovery process works. Interactional justice This pertains to the manner in which the students are treated one of the disadvantages of this strategy is that the students will be dissatisfied with the efforts towards recovery. This is because; while the librarians will exceedingly emphasize the distributive justice, the importance of process as well as interactional justice will be overlooked. Understanding the problem’s scale The underlying fact put into consideration in this strategy is that; it is only through the establishment of the true scale of dissatisfaction of a student that the library management will see and therefore prepare adequately against the crisis of imminent service enquiry desk failure (Berry, Seiders Grewal 2002). This strategy advocates that there is a necessity of the library management establishing a service culture that focuses on engaging with the students while requesting for honest responses irrespective of whether they are painful or friendly in nature. Further, this strategy advocates for finding out what is being rumoured in blogs, and other websites pertaining the inquiry desk services. By getting a clear idea regarding the range of problems that the students are experiencing, the service desk inquiry management can put efforts in defining and therefore prioritizing the areas that need improvement (Hoffman, Kelley Rotalsky 2005). Encouraging complaints from the students This strategy insists that the students who don’t complain are also valuable to the library. In addition to this, the strategy asserts that these students pose a significant extent of danger to the library. Provision of incentives in order to reduce the extent of customer complaints leads to a false believe among the librarians that few complains means an improvement of services while more complains signifies unqualified services. Ensuring student satisfaction with the service Student satisfaction pertains to keeping the students happy with the offerings provided by the service enquiry desk. One of the mistakes that librarians make is that they believe that immediately the service is offered, follow up actions on librarian’s behalf of the students is not necessary. The following are the strategies that ensure that the student is satisfied with the service Start before selling Way before the student purchases the library service, it is necessary that the management of the library makes them feel as if they are the most vital elements around. In addition to this, the library must ensure that the service desk is sufficiently staffed for the sake of enquiries from the students, and as such, this guarantees a pleasant experience for the student prior to assessing the service. Following up on the sale Making follow ups after the student has purchased the service is very essential as it lead to gaining insight both on the library’s levels of service from the client’s perspective as well as reviews and feedbacks concerning the service purchased by the student. Even though the student might use the service, there might be instances where he is not wholly satisfied with the service. If follow up actions are put into place by the library, the situation is easily noted and rectified and the needs addressed. Conclusion and recommendations From this analysis, it is evidently clear that service encounters are the main operational attributes of an organization. As such, service encounters link the customers to the company. According to Shostack’s molecular model, a service encoun ter is constituted of two elements which includes; tangible (peripheral evidence) elements as well as Intangible (Essential evidence) elements. Service encounters are categorized into four with each category constituted with similar levels of service encounters. An example of these is high involvement personal service category constituted by health services as well as personal services (Bitner et al. 1990). Different service encounters in the same category have similar elements and as such, a critical incident technique can be used to establish incident encounters (Halstead, Drogue Cooper 2003). Service encounters are subject to failures and as such, strategies should be put in place to avoid or mitigate these failures. Failure detection as well as maintenance is the most viable strategies used in failure prevention. However, failure detection is the most preferable as it is cost effective. With reference to recovery, the most ideal strategies include; encouraging complaints from t he customers as well as provision of the right type of justice strategy. Blending these strategies is the advisable for any operating company. In order to ensure that the customer satisfaction with the service is enhanced, strategies such as service recommendations, following up on the sale as well as starting before selling. Just like for failure recovery strategies, it is necessary that a Company blends these strategies to fully realize customer satisfaction (Grà ¶nroos 2007). References Berry, L.L, Seiders, K Grewal, D 2002, ‘Understanding Service Convenience’, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 1–17. Bitner et al. 1990, ‘The predicament of injustice: The management of moral outrage’, Research in Organizational Behaviour, Vol. 9, pp. 289–319. Carlzon, J 1987, Moments of Truth, Ballinger Books, Cambridge, MA. Grà ¶nroos, C 2007, Service management and marketing: Customer management in service, John Wiley Son, Chichester. Halstead, D, Drogue, C Cooper, MB 2003, ‘Product warranties and post purchase service: A model of consumer satisfaction without complaint resolution’, Journal of Services Marketing, Vol.7 no. 1, pp. 33–40. Hoffman, KD, Kelley, SW Rotalsky, HM 2005, ‘Tracking service failures and employee recovery efforts’, Journal of Services Marketing, Vol. 2, pp. 49–61. Palmer, A 2008, Principles of services marketing, McGraw Hill, Glasgow. Zeithaml, VA, Bitner, M.J Gremler, D.D 2006, Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm, McGraw-Hill Education, Boston, Mass.

In what ways have feminists challenged some of our basic assumptions Essay

In what ways have feminists challenged some of our basic assumptions about the family - Essay Example Women, from time immemorial, suffered political and social oppression in the form of sexism. Women being submissive to the traditional family roles endured pain and troubles in all societies. The awareness of their plight, through the feminist awakening, made women change their attitude towards different family roles. Through the awakening aroused through the feminist movements women of modern days feel that both husband and wife have equal roles in a family. Both husband and wife should go for job, do household chores and take care of children. This is against the traditional assumptions about a family. Traditional family roles left no rights for women to work and earn. Women were confined to houses where they do all household works and take care of children. The traditional role of women is socially constructed. In the traditional structure of family women enjoyed few rights. According to the traditional family structure women had to remain as a shadow of men. Women had no voice in the family. The traditional role of women and the sufferings they underwent is covered in feminist literature works. The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman explains the traditional role of women in the family. The protagonist in the novel is the example of the sufferings of women. The novel is the story of repression of women. In the story the husband’s domineering nature has imprisoned the wife into a domestic prison. In this sad story, the narrator the young woman is driven to insanity by her dominating husband. The subjugation that prevailed in the society made women treated as subhuman. They were just considered as vessels of fertility and had the mere privilege of a set of ovaries and a womb. The central character of the novel, the narrator fought for the same cause. The narrator attempts to become a strong individual even though she was being locked in a male dominated world. Her husband John’s dominating nature was the one that was preventing her from become self motivated. Even though the narrator is constructed as immature, we can see that this nature is enforced by the society around her. The narrator is found to be an independent woman who was restricted within the house by her husband. Her life was like that of a butterfly that is trying to get out of the cocoon to show its true colors. We can see the narrator striving, throughout the play, and finally loosing control over her self. She falls into depression and eventually becomes mad. She was submissive to her husband and was enthusiastic and smart. We can say that the narrator was always right in her attitude as this was the best she can be towards her dominating husband. Towards the end of the play however she is not able to control any more and get lost in the pressure. This was the plight of women in the traditional families. The protagonist represents the negatively privileged women of that period. She was found subordinate to her husband John who believed that women are frail and can never make decision of their own. Her house appeared as a prison for her all through these days. She wanted to write; may be she wanted to pour out her depression into words. She was of the belief that more mental and physical activity would solve her problems. She, however, did not get a chance to outpour her feelings. The period in the novel represents the period when women are inferior to men physically, mentally and intellectually. The cultural, racial, religious and other pressures subdued women to a

Decreasing the frequency of patient falls Article

Decreasing the frequency of patient falls - Article Example Falls are associated either with intrinsic (person risk) factor or external environmental conditions (Palmer, 2011). This paper present review of some studies done to ascertain the various causes of falls among older persons, the effect of and relationship between drug prescription and falls and also it will highlight the preventive measures that can be used to reduce incidences of falls. Falls are considered common clinical problems mostly associated with elderly nursing home residents maybe as a result of external environmentally related factors or intrinsic factors (Hill et al., 2009). Again, most reported emergency injury-related casualties resulted from falls. Different scholars have postulated different causes of falls some of which are associated with person factors such as physiological changes and pathological conditions (Palmer, 2011; Hill et al., 2009). While others have associated environmental conditions as the main contributing factors for risks of falling among elderly people. Such environmental conditions include slippery floors, poor lighting or maybe faulty equipment (Farmer, 2003). The theme of the study got its founding gist from the fore-mentioned causes of the falls among the elderly people who are the residents in the nursing homes (Hill, et al., 2009). The study sort to explore the different myths postulated as the causes of falls, namely the person risk factors (intrinsic) and environmental related causes and then get interaction of the two mentioned factors (Palmer, 2011). The study was done from the perspective of the nursing staffs that are mandated with the task of assisting the elderly nursing home residents (Hill, et al., 2009). The caregivers for these elder people in nursing home forms rich resource persons since they are the people closely interacting with the nursing home residents (Farmer, 2003). According to the study done by